西北地区近期地壳水平运动与构造变形特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张希  刘文义  王双绪  王文萍  张晓亮  崔笃信  薛富平 《中国地震》2006,22(1):43-55

利用截止2004年的西北地区GPS和跨祁连-龙首山构造带的红外测距观测资料，借助最小二乘配置、弹性块体边界负位错模型及单一力源反演，研究昆仑山口西8．1级大震前后西北地区水平形变应变场的动态演化特征；尤其是大震3年后，即当前的构造形变与应力场态势；获取活动块体及其边界断裂上可能反映中强以上孕震背景的高应变能积累区、段，以及可能的潜在震源。结果表明：青藏块体北缘地区经8．1级大震后的短期松弛和调整，目前正在恢复印度板块北东向碰撞推挤背景场的主控作用。而北天山构造带中段及其与西段的交汇区、南天山构造带中西段及其与西昆仑构造带的交汇区、阿尔金断裂中段、祁连山构造带中东段及其与海原断裂的交汇区、西秦岭北缘断裂与庄浪河断裂东南延伸线的交汇区域等具有相对高应变能积累背景；临泽与海原这两个地区也反映一定程度的应变能积累状态。  相似文献   

安塞油田坪桥水平井区沉积微相三维建模研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吴胜和  武军昌  李恕军  吴志宇 《沉积学报》2003,21(2):266-271

以安塞油田坪桥水平井区为例,探讨了应用水平井和露头资料及标点过程(示性点过程)方法进行沉积微相三维建模的思路与方法,同时对研究区三角洲前缘分流河道的定量结构模式进行了深入的研究。研究表明,坪桥水平井区三角洲分流河道单砂体宽度一般为40～100m左右。砂体结构呈两种模式,其一为“迷宫状”,砂体离散地分布于湖相泥岩中,其二为“拼合板状”,多个砂体在侧向上叠置而形成连片分布的砂体,但部分单砂体间可被泥质或钙质薄层侧积层所隔挡。应用水平井资料和露头资料,可有效地提取三维建模所必须的地质统计学参数。研究表明,采用标点过程方法,可建立符合地质实际的沉积微相三维模型。  相似文献   

基坑支护结构水平变形预测的遗传神经网络方法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

韦立德  徐卫亚  蒋中明  刘世君  陈记 《工程地质学报》2003,11(3):297-301

采用遗传算法和误差反向传播算法相结合的混合算法来训练前馈人工神经网络,先用遗传学习算法进行全局训练,再用BP算法进行精确训练。就遗传算法过程中的选择、变异进行了探索,提出了用BP网络训练产生变异的遗传算法。作为实例,将该方法应用于预测基坑支护结构水平变形中。结果表明,该方法有收敛速度较快、预测精度高等优点。  相似文献   

沁水盆地煤层气钻井工艺方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

李云峰 《中国煤田地质》2005,17(6):52-53,70

针对沁水盆地煤层气概况,地层情况及开采条件,介绍了参数井、生产井、多分支地面煤层气水平开发井、丛式井等钻井工艺、钻具组合、井身结构及井身质量要求.  相似文献   

Localization of mining-induced horizontal fractures along rock layer interfaces in overburden: field measurements and prediction   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

V. Palchik 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(1):68-80

The locations of mining-induced horizontal fractures along rock interfaces in the overburden of Donetsk Coal Basin were identified using an original experimental device. The device traps methane from horizontal fracture zone (100–fold coal seam thickness) over an active longwall mining excavation. Presence or absence of horizontal fractures along rock layer interfaces is correlated with physical characteristics of the overburden, such as thickness, uniaxial compressive strength of overburden rock layers, location of rock layer interfaces and thickness of extracted coal seams. As a result, a combined criterion based on these physical characteristics is proposed to predict the presence of overburden horizontal fracturing in coal mine operations.  相似文献   

水平倾斜仪综合监控器的研制     

宋贤志  杜木柯 《东北地震研究》2005,21(1):57-60

针对水平倾斜仪观测过程中存在的问题，研制了综合监控器。本文介绍了综合监控器的功能及工作原理。  相似文献   

地基GPS气象学研究的主要问题及最新进展   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

宋淑丽  朱文耀  廖新浩 《地球科学进展》2004,19(2):250-259

目前大多数映射函数在低高度角时精度都比较差，发展适应低高度角的映射函数，提高低高度角观测值的利用率，研究大气的水平梯度是目前地基GPS气象学的主要研究任务，发展随时空变化的动态映射函数也是国际上的一个主要研究问题。由于PWV不能提供水汽分布的三维信息，求定GPS信号斜路径方向上的水汽SWV，以及利用SWV层析大气的垂直结构是目前国际上 GPS气象学的研究前沿。文中总结了目前国际上SWV的求定及层析水汽三维结构的主要方法，及存在的问题。把GPS探测的水汽同化到数值天气预报中，以提高数值预报的能力是GPS气象学研究的目的，作者介绍了目前水汽在数值预报模型中的同化情况。另外还回顾了利用GPS观测结果进行全球气候变化和大气折射环境研究的进展。  相似文献   

GIS Spatial-Temporal Modeling of Water Systems in Greater Toronto Area, Canada   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ChengQiuming ZhangGeorge LuCindy KoConnie 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2004,15(3):275-282

Modeling landscape with high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) in a geographic information system can provide essential morphological and structural information for modeling surface processes such as geomorphologic process and water systems. This paper introduces several DEM-based spatial analysis processes applied to characterize spatial distribution and their interactions of ground and surface water systems in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada. The stream networks and drainage basin systems were derived from the DEM with 30 m resolution and the regularities of the surface stream and drainage patterns were modeled from a statistical/multifractal point of view. Together with the elevation and slope of topography, other attributes defmed from modeling the stream system, and drainage networks were used to associate geological, hydrological and topographical features to water flow in river systems and the spatial locations of artesian aquifers in the study area. Stream flow data derived from daily flow measurements recorded at river gauging stations for multi-year period were decomposed into “drainage-area dependent“ and “drainage-area independent“ flow components by two-step “frequency“ and “spatial“ analysis processes. The latter component was further demonstrated to relate most likely to the ground water discharge. An independent analysis was conducted to model the distribution of aquifers with information derived from the records of water wells. The focus was given on quantification of the likelihood of ground water discharge to river and ponds through flowing wells, springs and seepages. It has been shown that the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) is a unique glacial deposit that serves as a recharge layer and that the aquifers in the ORM underlain by Hilton Tills and later deposits exposed near the steep slope zone of the ridges of ORM provide significant discharge to the surface water systems (river flow and ponds) through flowing wells, springs and seepages. Various statistics (cross- and auto-correlation coefficients, fractal R/S exponent) were used in conjunction with GIS to demonstrate the influence of land types, topography and geometry of drainage basins on short- and long-term persistence of river flows as well as responding time to precipitation events. The current study has provided not only insight in understanding the interaction of water systems in the GTA, but also a base for further establishment of an on-line GIS system for predicting spatial-temporal changes of river flow and groundwater level in the GTA.  相似文献   

昆仑山口西MＳ＝8．1级地震的形变应变场研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

郭良迁  张祖胜  李延兴  王敏  薄万举 《地球物理学报》2004,47(6):1068-1075

根据昆仑山口西8．1级地震前后GPS测点的位移速率，用弹性模型公式计算了地壳应变参数．应变参量的变化表明，震前在地震区附近以压应变为主，应变速率较大．位移速率矢量显示出震前的震中地区相对周围为活动性较弱的“稳定”地区．地壳的形变和应变揭示出孕震体在挤压状态下积累了较高的应变势能．8．1级地震的同时期由于地壳释放了巨大的应变能而应变速率变化显著．计算结果表明，地震所产生的应变达到4．5×10-6以上．发震断裂带的平均左旋走滑量是3．31m（89°E～96°E）．  相似文献   

变降深抽水附近地下水非稳定运动的积分方程解     

阿里木·吐尔逊  买买提·艾斯尔 《地下水》2004,26(3):172-174

根据完整井变流量抽水附近地下水运动的解析解,利用积分方程的方法,推导出了水井水位降深以任意一种函数关系随时间变化时含水层中地下水非稳定运动积分方程形式的解,并提出了该积分解相应的近似计算方法.最后通过一个实例验证了该方法的实用性.  相似文献